第一篇：国际商务英语翻译

1.国际贸易一般指不同国家当事人进行的交易，它涉及到许多因素。因而比国内贸易要复杂的多。International business refers to transaction between parties from different countries.It involves mort factors and thus is more complicated than domestic business.2.随着经济一体化进程的发展，很少人和公司能完全独立于国际商务之外而存在。因此，在此方面具有一定的知识是十分必要的，这既有益于企业的发展，又有益于个人的进步With the development of economic globalization, few people or companies can enterprises and personal advancement 3.其他参与国际贸易的形式有管理合同，承包生产和“交钥匙”工程。completely stay away from international business.Therefore, some knowledge in this respect is necessary both for the benefit of Other forms for participating in international business are management contract, contract manufacturing, and turnkey project 4.国际贸易最初以商品贸易的形式出现，即在一国生产或制造商品而出口或进口到另一国进行消费或转售。International consumption or resale in another.5.除了国际贸易和投资，国际许可和特许经营有时也是进入国际市场的一种方式

Besides trade and investment, international licensing and franchising are some times taken as a means of entering a foreign market.（二）

1.国民生产总值和国内生产总值是表明一国收入的两个重要概念，区别在于前者强调的是生产要素的所属权而后者着重于进行生产的国家。business first took the form of commodity trade, i.e.exporting and importing goods produced or manufactured in one country for GNP and GDP are two important concepts used to indicate a country’s income.The difference between GNP and GDP is that the former focuses on ownership of the factors of production while the latter concentrates on the place where production takes place 2.要估评某一市场的潜力，人们往往要分析其收入水平，因为它为那里居民的购买力高低提供了线索In assessing the potential of a market, people often look at its income level since it provides clues about the purchasing power of its residents.3.世界各国被世界银行分为三大领域，高收入国家、中等收入国家和低收入国家

Countries of the world are pided by the World Bank into three categories of high-income, middle income and low income 4.中国现在的年人均收入为1100美元以上，但几年前它还是个低收入国家。

China with an annual per capita income of over $1100 is a middle income country though it was a low income country just a few years ago.5.就中国来说，周围还有其他应特别关注的市场，如亚洲四小虎，东盟国家，俄罗斯等国，这些国家都具有前景看好的市场潜力，能为中国提供很好的商机。As far as China is concerned, other markets we should pay particular attention to are those around us: the Four Tigers, the ASEAN countries, Russia, etc.Those are countries with very promising market potential and can offer good business opportunities to China.(三)1.过去的几十年，地区经济一体化越来越严重。

The past decades witnessed increasingly growing importance of regional economic integration.2经济联盟的成员国不仅要在税收、政府开支、企业策略等方面保持一致，而且还应适用同一的货币。

The members of an economic union are required not only to harmonize their taxation, government expenditure, industry policies, etc, but also use the same currency.3欧洲委员会是欧盟的管理机构之一，此机构将提议呈交给部长理事会做决定，并监督各成员国根据所制定的条约履行自己的义务。

The European Commission is one of the governing organs of the EU.It is the body which puts proposals to the Council of Ministers for decision and sees that the members carry out their duties under the treaty 4APEC建立与在澳大利亚首都堪培拉召开的一次部长级会议上。当时有12位成员国出席，分别是澳大利亚、美国、加拿大、日本、朝鲜、新西兰和东盟六国。APEC was set up at the Ministerial Meeting held in the Australia capital Canberra attened by 12members of Australia，the united states，canada，japan，republic of korea，new zealand and six ASEAN countries.5著名的自由贸易区是北美自由贸易区，它是由美国、加拿大和墨西哥于1991年建立的。

The most notable free trade area is the North American Free Trade Area, the largest free market formed by the United States, Canada and Mexico in 1991(四)1.经济全球化为世界经济发展提供了新的动力和机会, 同时也使各经济体更加相互依赖、相互影响。Economic globalization is giving new impetus and opportunities to world economic development and meanwhile making the various economies more and more interdependent and interactive 2.跨国公司是在一个以上国家拥有、控制和经营资产的商业组织。

A multinational enterprise is a business organization that owns, controls and manages assents in more than one country 3.许多人欢呼经济全球带来的好处，但同时也有强烈的反对声音。

An MNE may also have various regional or operational headquarters, in addition to international headquarters 4.跨国公司的内部交换在整个国际贸易的一个很大的比例。

The transfer of the intra-MNE transactions constitutes a very significant proportion of total international trade 5.尽管公司的日常管理工作下放到跨国企业的子公司，但重要决策，如有关公司和新投资等都由母公司来决定。

Although the day-to-day running of corporate operations may be decentralized to the affiliate MNCS, the major decisions, such at those on corporate goals and new investments are made by the parent company 6.无论人们是否喜欢，经济全球化已成为世界经济发展中的一个客观趋势。

Like it or not, economic globalization has become an objective trend in world economic development

（五）1.在复杂的经济世界中，没有一个国家可以完全自给自足。

In the complex economic world, no country can be completely self-sufficient 2.随着制造业和技术的发展，出现了另一个刺激贸易的因素，即国际专业化。

With the development of manufacturing and technology, there arose another incentive for trade, i.e.international specialization 3.按照比较利益学说，两个贸易伙伴均可从贸易中得到好处。

According to the theory on comparative advantage both trade partners can benefit from trade.4.比较利益并不是一个静止的概念，一个国家可以通过自己的行为发展某种特定的比较利益。Comparative advantage is not a static concept.A country may develop a particular comparative advantage through its own action 5.比较利益理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石。

The idea of comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international trade

6.根据绝对利益理论，只有当一个国家生产的某一商品对另一个国家具有绝对优势时，贸易才会发生。According to the absolute advantage theory, trade occurs only when each country has an absolute advantage over the other in the production of one commodity.（六）

1.一件商品的成本会因生产规模扩大而减小。

The cost of a product will decrease with the expansion of production scale 2.在实际中，即使完全的专业化在经济上有利，也可能永远不会发生。

In reality, complete specialization may never take place even though it is economically advantageous

3.配额或者说数量限制是最常见的关税壁垒。

Quotas or quantitative restrictions are the most common form of non-tariff barriers 4.国家从事贸易种类是多样的，复杂的，往往是有形贸易和无形贸易的混合。

The kinds of trade nations engage in are varied and complex, often a mixture of visible and invisible trade.5.贸易不是建立在两个国家生产能力上而是建立在不同的消费偏好上。Trade will be based not on difference in the production capabilities of the two countries but on different consumption preferences 6.各国政府经常采取的贸易保护主义措施是贸易壁垒，典型的例子是关税和配额。

Protectionist measures which are often taken by governments are also barriers to trade and typical examples are tariffs and quotas.7.由于战略或国内的原因，一个国家可能继续生产不具备优势的产品。

For strategic or domestic reasons, a country may continue to produce goods for which it does not have an advantage 8.有形贸易指货物的进出口贸易而无形贸易涉及的是国家间的劳务交换。Visible trade,.which involves the import and export of goods，there is also invisible trade, which involves the exchange of services between countries.（七）

1.包装需按运输的要求进行，在大多数情况下，卖方明确知道把货物安全地运到目的地所需要的包装。Packing should be made according to the requirement of transportation.In most cases, the seller knows clearly the particular type of packing required for transporting the goods safely to destination.2.在许可情况下，应通知买方在卖方将货物启运之时或之前安排验货。除非合同另有规定，否则卖方必须支付为其自身利益而安排的验货费用。

In many cases, the buyer shall be notified to go through the inspection of goods at or before the time of shipment.Unless otherwise specified, the buyer is supposed to undertake the charges of inspection thus incurred for his own sake.3.进口商可以通过可转让的运输单据将货物在运输途中卖给新的卖方，这类可转让单据用起来非常方便。very convenient for use The importer can sell the goods to a new buyer while they are being carried by means of negotiable shipping documents which are 5.2000年对国际贸易术语解释通则的修改考虑了无关税区的发展，商务活动中电子通讯使用的增加以及运输方式的变化。The 2000 revision of Incoterms took account of the spread of customs-free zones, the increased use of electronic communication, and the changes in transport practices 6.如果货物丢失或受损或因某种原因没有运到，买卖双方的信任就会下降可能会严重到引起法律纠纷的地步。If they are lost or damaged, or if delivery does not take place for some other reason, the climate of confidence between parties may degenerate to the point where a law suit is brought 7.买卖双方在制定合同时，如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参考，他们就肯定简单可靠的确定各自的责任。If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to , they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely

(八)1.合同依法实施，未能履行合同义务的一方可能受到起诉，并被强制做出赔偿。

A contract is enforceable by law, and the party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make compensation.2.口头业务协商指的是面对面的直接谈判或通过国际长途电话进行的商谈。Oral business negotiations refer to face-to-face discussions or those conducted through international trunk calls 3.买方发出的询盘时为了获得拟定购商品的有关信息，它对发出询盘的人无约束力。Enquiries made by the buyer are to get information about the goods to be ordered and are not binding on the inquirer 4.有效期对于实盘是必不可少的。在规定的时间之前，或在被对方接受或拒绝之前发盘一直是有效的。The validity period is indispensable to a firm offer, that remains valid until a stipulated time or until it is accepted or rejected

5.还盘是对发盘的拒绝，一旦做出还盘，原报盘即将失效而失去约束力。

A counter-offer is a refusal of the offer which will be invalid and unbinding once a counter-offer is made

6.还盘可以针对发盘中的价格、付款条件、装运时间或其他条款而提出。A counter-offer may be made in relation to the price, terms of payments, time of shipment or other terms and conditions of the offer 7.合同背面的规定是合同的组成部分，对合同双方同样具有约束力The stipulations on the back of the contract are constituent parts of the contract and are equally binding upon the contraction parties

（九）1.对销贸易一般是与有关国家的政治目标相互联系的，如应对外汇短缺和扩大出口之类的问题。objectives in these countries As counter trade often takes place in less developed economies and in centrally planned economies, it is often related with policy 2.实际上，反向贸易指的是各种货物和服务的直接交换。Fundamentally, counter trade refers to the direct exchange of assorted kinds of goods and services

3.回购贸易和互购贸易之间另一个重要的区别在于回购贸易一般比互购贸易要延续更长一段时间。Another important difference is that a buyback deal usually stretches over a longer period of time the a counter purchase deal 4.在正常的市场交易中，由于使用货币及市场手段，货物的买与卖是分别进行的。In normal market transactions buying and selling of goods are unbundled because of the use of money and the market

5.尽管有很多好处，反向贸易可能是风险很大的事。

Despite all its advantage, counter trade can be very risky business

6.在其他贸易方式中还有加工贸易、寄售、租赁贸易、代理等。

Among other modes of trade are processing trade, consignment, leasing trade, agency etc

7.对销贸易成为一个将卖方的出口，从买方的进口联系起来的跨国界合同的术语总称。Counter trade has become the generic term to describe a set of cross-border contracts that link a seller’s exports to imports from the buyer

(十)1.在国际贸易中进出口双方都面临风险，因为总存在对不履约的可能。In international trade, both the exporter and importer face risks as there is always the possibility that the other party may fail to fulfil the contract

2.为处理国际贸易中的不同形势，各种支付方法便发展了起来。Various methods of payment have been developed to cope with different situations in international trade

3.许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的，汇票是对银行是顾客的支付命令。A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft, which is an order to a customers to pay

4.即期付款交单要求进口商立即付款以取得单据。Documents against payment at sight requires immediate payment by the importer to get hold of the documents

5.就出口商而言，即期付款交单比远期付款交单有利，付款交单比承兑交单有利。So far as the exporter’s interest is concerned D/P at sight is more favorable than D/P after sight, and D/P is more favorable than D/A

(十一)1.在国际贸易中，几乎不可能使付款和实际交货同时进行。In international trade it is almost impossible to match payment with the physical delivery of the good

2.信用证付款方式对买卖双方都提供保障。The method of payment by the letter of credit offers security to both the seller and the buyer

3.第一次世界大战后，信用证得到了实质性的发展。

Credits had substantial development after the First World War

4.要么因为信用证金额过大，要么因为对开证行不完全信任，出口商有时可能需要保兑的信用证。Either because the credit amount is too large, or because he does not fully trust the opening bank, the exporter may sometimes require a confirmed letter of credit

5.信用证的形式、长短、语言和规定各不相同。

Letters of credit are varied in form, length, language and stipulations

6.双边保证是信用证独特的具有代表性的特征。

The bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit 7.信用证不但保所购货物就是发票所开或所装运的货物。It does not guarantee that the goods purchased will be those invoiced or shipped

8.银行只关心代表货物的单据而不是所寄予的合同，银行对于货物是否符合合同不承担法律责任。The banks are only concerned with the documents representing the goods instead of the underlying contracts.They have no legal obligation whether the goods comply with the contract

(十二)1.信用证按其作用、形式和机制分作不同的种类。

Letters of credit are classified into different types according to their function, form, and mechanism

2.光票信用证主要用于非贸易结算，而在商品贸易中一般使用跟单信用证付款。Clean letters of credit are mainly used in non-trade settlement, while documentary credits are generally used in commodity trade

3.在即期信用证情况下，提示汇票和正确无误的单据后便立即付款。In the case of sight credits, payment can be made promptly upon presentation of draft and impeccable shipping documents

5.如果信用证可以有原受益人转让给另一个或几个人，那么这种信用证即为可转让信用证。A letter of credit is called transferable if it can be transferred by its original beneficiary to one or more parties 6.对于一笔具体交易来说，信用证不一定是最理想的付款方式，缔约双方应根据具体情况做出最好的选择。The letter of credit may not be the most ideal method of payment for a particular transaction, and the contracting parties should make their best choice according to the specific conditions 7.如果允许分批装运，信用证可以同时转让给多个受益人。Transferring a credit to more than one party at the same time is allowed provided partial shipments are permitted

(十三)1.在国际贸易中使用正确的单据很重要，否则进口商提货时会遇到困难。It is very important to use correct documents in international trade, otherwise the importer will have difficulties in taking delivery of the goods

2.商业发票，一般称“发票”这种单据对货物的质量和数量以及单价和总价进行概括性描述。The commercial invoice, generally called the invoice makes a general description of the quality, quantity, unit price, and total value of the goods

3.货物在运输过程中可能发生风险损失，需要办理货物保险。It is necessary to insure the goods against the possible risks they are exposed to in the course of transportation.4.已装船提单表明货物已实际装上开往目的港的承运船只。An on board bill of lading indicates that the goods have been actually loaded on board of the carrying vessel bound for the port of destination

5.清洁提单指货物在表面状况良好的情况下装船，这意味着提单上未加任何有关包装或货物外表不良的批注。A clean bill of lading refers to one that indicates the goods have been shipped in apparent good order condition, which means it is devoid of any qualifying remarks about the packing and the outer appearance of the goods

6.签发保险单的日期可以早于提单的签发日，但绝不能迟于提单签发日。The date on which the document can be made earlier but by on means later than the date of the bill of lading

（十四）1.毫无疑问，一个没有先进的运输系统的社会仍然是一个原始落后的社会。There is no doubt that a society without an advanced transportation system remains primitive

2.这些方式在运作特点和性能方面不同。从而使它们各有比较优势和劣势，五种运输方式是水路、铁路、公路、管道、航空。The modes differ in terms of operating characteristics and capabilities, giving them comparative advantages and disadvantages.The five major modes are water, rail, truck, pipeline and air

3.过去10年，公司自己提供运输能力的倾向越来越大。The past decade has seen an increasing tendency among business firms to provide their own transportation capability.4.作为一个社会，我们现在的生活比完全自给自足时更富裕、更消闲。As a society, we enjoy a richer and more leisurely life than we would be in a totally self-sufficient community

5.最近几年运输功能引人注目的另一个因素就是越来越多的使用零库存系统，这种系统是以公司保持很少数量的生产投入为基础的。Another factor that has thrust transportation into the limelight in recent years is the growing utilization of just-in-time inventory systems, on the basis of a production approach in which the firm maintains very small quantities of production inputs

6.运输业可能更容易的集中原料和劳动力的投入去生产某项产品。Transportation allows the entrepreneur to assemble more easily the raw material and labor inputs needed to make a specific product

(十五)1.保险是一种风险转换机制通过保险个人或企业可以将生活中一些不确定因素转移给其他人。Insurance is a risk transfer mechanism, by which the inpidual or the business enterprise can shift some of the uncertainty of life to the shoulders of others

2.即使是在这种情况下，大多数公司宁可付已知的费用即保险费用来转移风险，而不愿面对不确定的风险损失。Even under these circumstances, most of the firms prefer to pay a known cost or premium for the transfer of risk, rather than face the uncertainty of carrying the risk of loss 3.对企业来说损失的价值要比个人高很多。因此，保险费也比一栋房子或一两车高出许多。In the case of business enterprises,the values exposed to loss are usually much higher and the premium charged is substantially higher than that for a house or a car

4.企业投保的主要刺激时他们可以腾出资金，进行其他项目的投资。The main stimulus to the enterprise is the release of funds for investment in the production of other items

5.因此，货物保险是一种目的在于把风险从进口商和出口商的肩上转移到转敏承担风险的保险人一方的活动。Therefore, cargo insurance is an activity aiming at moving the burden of risk from the exporters and importers to the underwriters

6.通过向共同基金投保，投保方就得到了一旦遭受损失时要求从基金中得到赔偿的权利。By paying a premium into an insurance pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool, the assured earns the right to claim compensation from the pool should he suffer loss.（十六）

1.没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的，而任何根据这类合同提出的索赔都不会被受理。An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained 2.尽管错误的陈述是无意的，保险人还是受到欺骗，从而保险合同无效。Even though the mis-statement is unintentional, the underwriter will still be deceived and the policy voidable.3.将受损失人的利益恢复到损害发生前的状况的合同就是保险合同。A contract of insurance is one which restores a person who has suffered a loss into the same position as he was in before the loss occurred

4.赔偿金额一般包括发票金额加上运输费用再加上保险费再加上一个商订的百分比如10%。The compensation payable generally includes the invoiced cost plus freight, the insurance premium, and an agreed percentage, say 10%

5.如果投保的险别不是造成损失的直接原因，保险公司将不予赔偿。The insurance company will not entertain the claim if the risk covered is not the proximate cause of the loss.6.每一份保险合同都需要有可保利益的支持，否则它就是无效的，任何根据此合同提出的索赔都不会受理。Every contract of insurance requires an insurable interest to support it, or otherwise it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertained

7.若两份保险单承保同一事件，两家保险公司将按比例分摊损失赔偿这恢复保险人损失部分。If two policies do cover the same event, the insurance companies contribute pro rata to the loss, and the insured is only restored to the indemnity position

(十七)1.第一次世界大战以前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的评价。Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value 2.1944年44国在美国布雷顿森林举行会议签署了协议，计划在世界贸易和货币方面实现更好的合作。In 1944, 44 nations held a conference at Bretton Woods, U.S.A., to plan better cooperation in world trade and currency matter

3.弹性汇率从没有真正地“干净”或自由地浮动过。因为中央银行为了稳定汇率采取了各种措施对货币价格进行干涉。The flexible exchange rate system has never been clean float or free float, because the central bank takes various measures to intervene in the price of its currency in order to stabilize the exchange rate 4.在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund, increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency 5.外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率、和两者的平均值----中间汇率。There are three types of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selling rate and the average of the previous two the medial rate

(十八)1.这些机构的共同目标是通过把发达国家的资金输送到发展中国家帮助这些国家提高生活水平。The common objective of these institutions is to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries

2.国际复兴开发银行的资金有相当大一部分来自它的留存盈余以及偿还贷款的不断流入。A substantial contribution to the IBRD’s resources comes from its retained earnings and the flow of repayments on its loans

3.国际复兴开发银行的贷款是向处于经济和社会发展较高阶段的发展中国家提供的。The loans of IBRD are directed toward developing countries at more advanced stages of economic and social growth

4.国际货币基金组织旨在向那些在付款方面有困难的基金会员国提供中期贷款。The purpose of IMF is to provide medium term loans to those members with payment difficulties

5.为了承担这项使命，多边投资担保机构向投资者提供担保以防范非商业性风险，向发展中成员国政府提供咨询，并为国际商业界与东道国政府就投资问题安排对话。To undertake this mission, MIG offers investors guarantees against noncommercial risks, advises developing member governments on policies and sponsors dialogues between the international business community and host governments on investment issues.(十九)1.对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式，一国居民为进行督控和经营通过对外投资获取另一国的资产。Foreign direct investment is the major form of international investment, whereby residents of one country acquire assets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them

2.控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要发面。Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI.And lowering production costs is an important consideration

3.直接在国外经营提高一个公司产品的能见度，使当地客户对他们所购买的商品更加放心。Operating directly abroad enhances the visibility of a firm’s products, making local customers feel more assured about the things they buy

4.及时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation

5.国外直接投资主要有三种形式：建立新企业、购买现有设施和建立合资公司。FDI is mainly practiced in three forms: Building new enterprises, purchasing existing facilities and forming joint ventures

(二十)1.选择权是指在特定的时间内按规定的价格购买或出售一种证券的权利。Options are contracts giving the right to buy or sell a security at an agreed price within a particular period of time 2.未挂牌证券市场是为了满足已经确立地位的，但是较小的，而且不太成熟的公司的需求而建立的。

The unlisted securities market is to meet the needs of established，but smaller，less mature companies 3.政府满足公共部门借贷需求的方法之一就是出售金边证券。One of the ways the government meets the public Sector Borrowing Requirement is by selling gilt-edged stocks

4.通过为证券的发行和交易提供中心市场，股票交易所长期为政府、工业以及投资商的需求服务。The Stock Exchange has long served the needs of government, industry and investors in providing the central market place for the issuing and trading of securities

5.国际股票交易所提供了一种途径，使人们的存货能够为那些需要资金的人所利用。The International Stock Exchange provides a channel through which the savings can reach those who need finance

(二十一)1.关贸总协定体系(现为世界贸易组织)是通过一系列的贸易谈判或回合发展起来的，它最初有三个基本目标。The GATT system(now WTO)was developed through a series of trade negotiations or rounds.It originally had three basic goals

2.加入世界贸易组织对中国有益，因为它将促进中国的改革和发展，提高商品和服务的质量，降低商品成本和服务费用，刺激投资和创造就业机会，改善法制。China’s WTO accession will benefit China because it will help advance its reform and development, improve the quality and reduce the cost of goods and services, spur investment and the creation of new jobs, and promote the rule of law.3.世界贸易组织的主要目的是为了促进自由贸易、进一步减少贸易壁垒并建立更有效的贸易纠纷解决机制。The main objectives of WTO are to promote free trade, further reduce trade barriers, and establish more effective trade dispute settlement procedures

4.WTO争端解决机制是当今国际水准上的最为活跃的体系而且对国际法的持续发展具有重大意义。The WTO dispute settlement system is the most is the most active one today at the international level and has tremendous importance for the progressive development of international law.5.尽管中国取得了很大的成就，但仍然面临巨大的挑战。一部分挑战和竞争来自于农业、银行业和保险业，还有一部分来自于一些国家所采取的贸易保护主义措施。Despite all the achievements, China still faces big challenges.Some of the challenges and competition are from the agricultural sector and banking and insurance industries.And some are caused by the protectionist measures in some countries

（二十二）1.尽管第一次会议没有制定出具体目标，联合国贸易和发展会议的总任务是制定、协商和实施改善发展进程的措施。Although no specific objectives were laid down at the first conference, the general target of UNCTAD is to formulate, negotiate and implement measures to improve the development process

2.在没有有效协议的情况下，一旦出口收入下降，应立即采用强制的合自动的补救措施。In the absence of effective agreements, compulsory and automatic compensatory measures should be introduced as soon as there is a decline in export earnings

3.实际上西方国家在使低收入国家繁荣起来的同时，其对这些国家的出口将增加，因此也能获得经济效益。The western nations would, in fact, also have an economic interest when they are bringing prosperity to the low-income countries, since their exports to these countries would thus be stepped up

4.国际经济新秩序主要是要求发达国家提供更多的现金和贸易发面的优惠。The new international economic order is mainly a demand for more cash and trade concessions from the developed countries

5.贸易和发展理事会是联合国贸易和发展会议的常设机构。

A Trade and Development Board is the permanent organ of the United Nations Conforence on Trade and Development

第二篇：国际商务英语翻译

Unit2 4为了支持和促进国际商务，公司和政府发展了各项有关服务，诸如建立银行信贷协定、制定汇划结算安排和缔结国际邮政协定，从而保证国际商务的顺利开展和扩大

In order to support and facilitate international business, companies and governments have developed services, such as establishment of bank credit agreements, make remittance settlement arrangements and international postal agreements conclusion, in order to ensure the smoothly development and expansion of international business

5在加剧的外国竞争的压力下，为了维持竞争力，谋求生存和发展，公司不得不将其业务扩展到国际市场，对国外销售机会作出反应，积极扩大国际商务活动 Under the pressure of foreign competition, in order to maintain competitiveness, to seek survival and development, the company will have to expand its business into the international market, respond quickly to many foreign sales opportunities, and actively expand the international business activities

Unit3

1、许多国家和地区工农业生产的巨大增长

Many countries and regions in the tremendous growth of industrial and agricultural production

2、导致工业国对食品和原材料的需求迅速增长

In industrial countries on food and raw materials to the rapid growth of demand

3、增至十五倍的工业品进口量

Increased to fifteen times of industrial products imports

4、对发展中国家农业出口产品需求的剧烈增长

On developing agricultural export product demand sharp growth

5、对棉花和天然橡胶等原材料需求的减少

On cotton and natural rubber and other raw materials to reduce the demand

6、合成代用品生产的发展及其产量的增加

Synthetic substitutes for production development and yield increase

7、有助于发展中国家的工业发展和经济增长

Contribute to developing industrial development and economic growth

8、国际贸易对各国经济发展重要的有益作用

International trade on the economic development of various countries important beneficial effect

9、有助于欠发达国家制造业和制成品生产的发展

Contribute to the less developed country manufacturing industry and the development of the production of manufactured goods

10、刺激和促进发达与发展中国家间资本的流动

To stimulate and promote the flow of capital between the developed and developing countries

11、新技术和新的管理技能的传送手段

New technologies and new management skills transfer means

12、从国际贸易获得巨大好处的欠发达国家

From international trade have great benefits for the less developed countries

13、国际贸易与长期经济发展之间的关系

International Trade and economic development of the relationship between

14、以更快的速度从发达国家吸引先进技术

Faster speed in order to attract advanced technology from developed countries

1、国际贸易的产生和发展，促进了各国再生产过程的正常运行和不断扩大，提高了生产力水平，并促进了生产国际化和资本国际化，以及提高其他方面的经济发展

The emergence of international trade and development, promote the process of reproduction and the normal operation to expand ceaselessly, improve the level of productivity, and promote the internationalization of production and capital internationalization, and improve other aspects of economic development

2、凯恩斯及其追随者着重于出口对就业和收入的作用，他们认为贸易顺差可以扩大支付手段，压低利率，刺激物价上涨，增加投资，从而有助于国内危机的缓和与就业的扩大

Keynes and his followers to focus on export of employment and income effects, they think the trade surplus could expand the means of payment, interest rates low, stimulate the price rise, increase investment, which contribute to the domestic crisis of relaxation and expansion of employment

3、另一些经济学家认为，国际贸易的兴起和发展，会使商品的市场扩大，从而推动技术进步和生产过程的改善，促进产量增加，并使投资结构发生变化，从而促进整个国民经济的发展

Some economists think, international trade is arisen with development, can make commodity market to expand, thereby promoting technological progress and production process improvement, promoting yield increase, and make the investment structure changes, so as to promote the development of the national economy

4、发展中国家发展对外贸易导致外汇收入增加和外国先进技术的引进，它在弥补这些国家资本、促进它们的技术进步中起着重要的作用

In developing foreign trade in foreign exchange income increases in foreign countries and the introduction of advanced technology, which make the national capital, promote their technological progress plays an important role in

5、多年来，在吸收外资的同时，中国全力发展对外贸易，大量进口精密的机械设备和尖端技术，大量出口各种工农业产品，有力地促进了经济发展和社会主义现代化的实现

Over the years, in the absorption of foreign capital, China to develop foreign trade, large imports of sophisticated equipment and advanced technology, a large number of export all kinds of industrial and agricultural products, effectively promoted the economic development and the socialism modernization 国际贸易给各国经济带来了巨大的利益。发达国家需要全球贸易的自由化为本国企业开拓更为广阔的发展空间，发展中国家也纷纷把出口导向作为本国工业化的发展战略。

美国是当今世界上最大的进出口贸易国，每年进出口贸易达2万亿美元，出口产业已成为美国经济增长的引擎，美国经济增长的1/3来自出口行业。

欧盟是当今世界上最大的贸易集团，每年进出口贸易都占世界进出口贸易的1/5左右。欧盟成员国之间的内部贸易是欧盟一体化的重要经济基础。

国际贸易对目标市场国家尤为重要，随着目标市场国家经济发展和对外开放，对外贸易在中国经济中日益显现，1999年，目标市场国家国内生产总值为8.2万亿人民币，全年进出口总额3607亿美元，其中出口总额1949亿美元。进出口总额相当于全年国内生产总值的1/3以上。全国将近1/5的产品是直接用于出口的。2000年，目标市场国家加入世界贸易组织，目标市场国家的市场将更加开放，目标市场国家经济与世界经济的联系将更为紧密。

International trade to the economies of the countries brought great benefits.Developed countries need to global trade liberalization for domestic enterprises to exploit more wide development space, developing countries are also seen as a native of export-oriented industrialization development strategy.The United States is the world's largest import and export trading nation, import and export trade of $2 trillion a year, the export sector has become the economic growth of the engine, the American economic growth from exports 1/3 of the industry.The European Union is now the world's largest trade group, import and export trade of the world each year are about 1/5 of the import and export trade.The European Union member states of the European Union between internal trade is an important economic integration based.The international trade of the target market is particularly important to the country, with the goal market national economic development and opening to the outside world, the foreign trade of China's economy becomes increasingly, in 1999, the target market countries GDP for 8.2 trillion RMB, annual export total $360.7 billion, with total export value of 194.9 billion dollars.Total import and export volume throughout the year is equivalent to more than a third of GDP.Nearly 1/5 of the product is directly used for export.In 2000, the target market countries to join the world trade organization, target market markets will more open, target market economy country linked to the world economy will be more closely.Unit4

1、非关税贸易壁垒对国家经营活动的影响

Non-tariff trade barriers on the influence of the national business activities

2、求助非关税贸易壁垒以保护其缺乏竞争力的产业

Resort to non-tariff trade barriers to protect their lack of competitiveness of the industry

3、把相当大的注意力放在消除国际贸易的障碍上

The considerable attention to eliminate barrier to international trade

4、阻碍国际商品和服务的自由流动

Block international products and services to the free flow of

5、旨在放宽对进口商品限制的法规条例

Aims to relax restrictions on imports of the legislation

6、对来自发展中国家的某些产品实施进口配额

From developing countries to some of the product implementation import quotas

7、对生产重要出口商品的厂商给予特惠

Production of an important export manufacturers give preferential

8、估计每年达200亿美元的该国农产品出口销售额

Estimated $20 billion a year in the country's agricultural product export sales

9、歧视来自发展中国家的中、低档纺织品

Discrimination from developing countries, and low in textiles

10、把某些国家排除在得到优惠的国家之外

Put some countries out of the country get preferential outside

11、干扰各国间正常的交易和经贸关系

Interference between countries of the normal trade and economic relations

12、反对美国对来自该亚洲国家的进口货征收抵消关税

For the opposition to the United States from Asian countries import tariffs on offset

13、由减少贸易潜在利益的进口限制所造成的扭曲

By reducing the potential benefits of trade import restriction by the distortion

14、约略计算外国商品需求曲线的弹性

Roughly calculated foreign goods the elasticity of the demand curve

1、非关税壁垒是指以进口数量限制为特点的贸易保护主义措施，它们被发达国家和有些发展中国家用来干扰和阻碍商品和服务在国际间的自由流动

Non-tariff barrier refers to the limitation of import quantity characteristics of protectionist measures, they are developed countries and some developing countries have used to interference and prevent goods and services in the free flow of international 2、70年代中期以来，由于世界性经济危机爆发，加上国际市场争夺加剧，因而发达国家不得不求助于旨在限制进口的非关税壁垒，力图克服困难

Since the mid 70 s, due to the world economic crisis, with the international market for increased, so have to turn to developed countries to import restrictions of non-tariff barriers, trying to overcome the difficulties

3、非关税壁垒同关税壁垒一样，起到限制进口、引起进口国国内市场物价上涨的作用，加重了西方发达国家人民的负担

Non-tariff barriers with tariff barriers, a way to limit imports, domestic market prices caused by importing countries and the role of the western developed countries increase people's burden

4、近年来，美国实施的一些贸易政策和条例对中国加以歧视，并对中国向美国出口的一些产品实行严格限制

In recent years, the implementation of trade policy and regulations about some Chinese to discrimination, and Chinese exports to the us to some of the products shall be strictly limited

5、在未来的日子里,美国和其他西方国家仍然可能对中国纺织品等劳动密集型产品出口的限制,中国将坚决反对

In the future, the United States and other western countries still likely to Chinese textiles and other labor-intensive products export restrictions imposed, China will firmly opposed to this

非关税壁垒是指一个国家运用配额制、许可证等一系列非关税手段而实行的限制进口措施。

非关税壁垒在资本主义发展初期已出现，但到了本世纪30年代资本主义世界性经济危机爆发时，非关税壁垒才作为贸易壁垒的重要组成部分广泛的盛行。第二次世界大战后初期，许多资本主义国家仍然实行严格的限制进口措施，但从50年代到70年代初，发达资本主义国家除了大幅度降低关税外，还放宽和取消非关税壁垒，扩大进口自由化，放宽和取消外汇管制，促进了国际贸易的扩展。但是，从70年代中期以来，在两次世界性经济危机衰退的冲击下，发达资本主义国家贸易战越演越烈，它们竞相采取非关税限制商品进口，对世界贸易和经济发展产生巨大的不利影响。

Non-tariff barriers is refers to a country quotas, license and a series of use of the means of non-tariff measures to restrict imports.Non-tariff barriers in the capitalist development initial period already appear, but in this century 30 s capitalism worldwide economic crisis hit, non-tariff barriers to trade barriers as an important part of the widely popular.The second world war ii's early days, many of the capitalist countries still strict measures to restrict imports, but from the 70 s to the s, the developed capitalist countries in addition to greatly reduce tariff outside, still relax and cancellation of non-tariff barriers, expand import liberalization, relax and cancel the foreign exchange control, promote the expansion of international trade.But, from the 70 s, which, after two world economic crisis under the impact of recession, the developed capitalist countries trade war turned ugly, they compete to take non-tariff limit merchandise imports, for the world trade and economic development has great effect.Unit5

1、按既定的公司方针开始处理出口订单

According to the established company policy began to deal with the export order

2、仔细查对和记录出口商所收到的订单的来源

Carefully check and record received the order of exporters source

3、出口商必须充分了解外国顾客的要求

The exporter must fully understand the foreign customer requirements

4、对进口商的信用进行认真的审查 To the credit of carefully review

5、得到一份关于买方信用状况的信用报告

Get a about the buyer credit status credit reports

6、买方与卖方就销售条款个条件进行洽商

The buyer and the seller is sales terms and conditions for you

7、出口合同中说明的买卖双方的义务

Export contract that buyers and sellers of the obligations

8、出口合同中说明的产品、价格、交货方法等条款

Export contract of that product, price, delivery methods of such provisions

9、出口货物在商定的交货地点合理交付

Export of goods in the agreed delivery place reasonable delivery

10、出口货物在商定的发货地点准时发货

Export of goods in the agreed delivery location delivery on time

11、出口货物的所有权在交货地点转移

The ownership of the export goods in delivery place transfer

12、取得进口许可证以符合进口国的进口条例

Import license is obtained in accordance with regulations of the importer import

13、货物达到目的地后通过海关对货物的处理

To reach the destination by the customs after the goods to the processing of goods

14、完成出口交易所需要的各种单据的获得

Complete export exchange needs of the various documents obtained

1、为了高效率地将货物移动到进口国，出口企业必须履行包含出口交易中一系列活动的三项必不可少的职能 In order to move the goods to the high efficiency of importing countries, export enterprise must perform a series of activities include export transactions of the three indispensable function

2、在进行一项出口交易之前，出口商必须或者通过一份国际信用报告审查新顾客的财务和信用状况，或者复查老顾客的信用状况和支付记录。

In a before export transactions, the exporter must or through an international credit report on the financial and new customer review credit conditions, or the old customer credit conditions and payment records.3、作为出口过程的重要组成部分，进口商和出口商必须就销售条款和条件、双方的义务以及销售合同的其他条款进行洽商

As an important part of the process of export, the exporters and importers will have to sales terms and conditions, the obligations of the parties and the other clauses of the sales contract negotiations

4、进口商和出口商之间就销售条款和条件所达成的协议成为一个有约束力的合同，它经过买卖双方以书面形式确认后就是双方都能接受的确定的承诺。

The exporters and importers is between sales terms and conditions that the agreement as a binding contract, it after both parties after confirmed in writing form is mutually acceptable determined commitment.5、在整个出口过程中，常常要求进口商取得一份进口许可证，有时还有一份外汇许可证，以符合进口国的进口条例，并使货物能顺利地到达进口商。

In the whole process of export, often calls importers have a import license, and sometimes also a foreign exchange license to comply with the regulations of the importer import, and make the goods can smoothly to the importer.Unit6

1、充当许多美国制造商的出口销售部

Act as many American manufacturers export sales department

2、利用销售代理人网络促进国外销售

Use sales agent network to promote the foreign sales

3、制定市场策略和安排货运和海关单证

Make a market strategy and arrange transportation and customs in the documents

4、从对最终的国外顾客的销售上取得利润

The final customers from foreign sales make a profit

5、充当托销代理商的一些美国出口经营公司

ACTS as a consignment of some American export agent operating companies

6、在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能

Between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale

7、向卖方或买方收取一定百分率的佣金

The seller or the buyer to charge a percentage of the commission

8、把按低于批发价购进的货物转卖出去

According to the lower than the wholesale price of purchased goods sold out

9、初次进入全球市场的一种快速和低成本的方法

First entering the global market a rapid and low cost method

10、在全球销售和经销产品的外国贸易公司

In the global sales and distribution of foreign trade company products

11、提供最佳市场策略和售后顾客服务

Providing the best market strategy and after-sales service to your customers

12、了解市场、风俗和顾客期望的当地经销商

Understand the market, customs and customer expectations of local dealers

13、绕过贸易公司和经销商而直接向顾客售货

Around the trade company and dealers directly to customers and sales

14、用作全球贸易销售渠道之一的合资企业

Used as a global trade sales channel, one of the joint venture

1、国际贸易中的销售渠道，是指商品从一个国家的生产企业流向国外的最终消费者或用户的流通过程，是商品所有权的转移必须经过的中间商机构。

In international trade sales channel, is refers to the goods from a state production enterprise going abroad final consumer or users of the distribution process, the transfer of ownership is goods must pass the middlemen institutions.2、在国际商品流通过程中，销售渠道的通畅与否和效率高低直接影响到商品的销售速度、产品利润和市场份额。

In international commodity circulation process, sales channel unobstructed or not directly affects the efficiency and product sales speed, product profits and market share.3、一家出口经营公司充当许多制造公司的出口销售部，它或者从制造公司直接购货、并按独立经营的原则转销国外，或者进行代销。

An export business company act as many manufacturing company export sales, it from a manufacturing company directly or purchase, and according to the principle of independent business presenting abroad, or for sale on a commission basis.4、按逐案的原则充当独立销售代理商的出口贸易公司，在买卖双方之间履行寻求货源或批发的职能，不对交易的任何一方承担责任。

According to the principle of independence ZhuAn as the sales agent of export trade company, between the parties to perform the functions of the source or seek wholesale, no transaction of any party liable.5、由于东道国的当地经销商对当地市场状况及社会、经济、环境很熟悉，并能执行最佳市场策略，办理售后顾客服务，所以他们被许多制造公司用作促进外销的渠道。

Due to the host of the local dealers of the local market situation and the society, economy and environment is very familiar with, and can perform best marketing strategy, after-sales service for customers, so they are many manufacturing company used as promote the export channel.在国际贸易领域中，出口国生产企业生产出来的产品，并非直接送达进口国的消费者，而必须先经过分销过程，也就是中间的销售渠道。进入分销过程的产品，不仅仅经过装卸和运输，更重要的是，产品均要通过中间的分销渠道，包括商人、中间商及代理中间商，既帮助产品实物的移动，又帮助产品所有权的转移，从而使产品进入国际市场，最后达到进口国的最终消费者或用户，实现出口国生产企业的最终目标。

国际市场是一个具有多层次的复杂的市场，也是一个竞争激烈的市场。因此，企业认真了解国际销售渠道的模式，根据国际销售渠道中常见中间商的业务性质和范围，从而制定科学的营销渠道管理方式，对有效地进入国际市场具有重要意义。In the field of international trade, the exporter production enterprise of produce products, not directly to importers in the consumer, and must first after distribution process, also is the middle of the sales channel.Enter the product distribution process, not only after handling and transportation, more important is, products through the middle of the distribution channels, including businessmen, middlemen and agency middlemen, both helped the movement of the product, and help the transfer of ownership of the products, thus we make our products to enter the international market, and finally reach the final consumer or importing user, realize the ultimate goal of the exporter production enterprise.The international market has a multi-level complex market, is also a competitive market.Therefore, the enterprise down to the international sales channel model, according to the international sales channel of middlemen common nature of the business and range, which make scientific channel management way, to effectively to enter the international market is of great significance.Unit7

1、卖方在他自己的工厂或仓库将货物交给买方

The seller in his own factory or warehouse the goods to the vendee

2、卖方必须将货物交给由买方指定的承运人

The seller shall deliver the goods to the carrier of the designated by the buyer

3、装船和启运后发生的事件所引起的货物灭失或毁损

Shipment after shipment and the events of the goods caused by the loss or damage

4、负担将货物运至目的地国家所需的一切费用和风险

Burden the goods to the destination country for all their expenses and risks

5、支付将货物运至指定目的地港所必须的费用和运费

Pay for the goods to the designated destination port of cost and freight must be

6、办理买方货物在运输途中灭失或损坏风险的海运保险

Handle the buyer of goods in transit loss of or damage to the Marine insurance risks

7、交出办理了出口清关手续的货物时即完成交货

Hand over to deal with export clearance of goods delivery is completed

8、卖方负担的一切风险和费用，包括关税、税捐及其他费用

The sellers shall bear all the risks and costs, including taxes, tariffs, and other fees

9、当货物在制定装运港越过船舷时即完成交货

When the goods in making across the ship's rail at the port of shipment delivery is completed

10、按CIP术语由卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费

According to the CIP term insurance contracts entered into by the seller and pay insurance premium

11、每件为10美元CIF马尼拉的10000件电子计算器

For $10 per piece CIF Manila 10000 pieces of the electronic calculator

12、请给予本公司CFR天津报盘，并连同一切详情

Please give the company CFR tianjin offer, and along with all the details

13、最低的CIF广州价格，说明装运期及付款条件

The lowest price CIF guangzhou that shipment and terms of payment

14、本公司报凤凰牌自行车是每辆55美元CFR纽约

The company reported the phoenix brand bicycle is $55 per car CFR New York

1、贸易术语被用来说明出口价格的构成和在货物由卖方交付买方的过程中，买卖双方有关手续、费用和风险的责任划分。

Trade terms be used to explain the structure of the export prices in the goods delivered by the seller and the buyer of the process, both parties, relevant formalities, expenses and risk responsibility pided.2、按CIF术语，卖方还必须自行负担费用，向买方提供包括运输单据和保险单据在内的全套装运单据。

According to the CIF term, the seller is obliged to bear the cost, including transport documents provided to buyer and insurance documents, the full set of shipping documents.3、假如我们在CFR基础上同你交易，那你能从CIF价格上减少多少，以便我们进行比较

If we are in CFR basis trade with you, that you can from the CIF price how much less, so that we are compared

4、贵公司能否给予永久牌26英寸自行车报盘？请按每次最低订货量10000辆为基础报CIF纽约最低价。

Your company can be given permanent card 26 inches bicycle offer? Please press the minimum quantity for each 10000 cars based quote your lowest price CIF New York.5、本公司可按下列条款报价： 商品：HL302型弹子抽屉锁

价格：每件5美元上海工厂交货价 每年最低订货量：100000件 包装：纸板箱

支付：用不可撤销的即期信用证付款 交货：收到信用证后60天内

Our company can offer to the following conditions: Commodities: HL302 type billiards drawer lock Price: $5 each Shanghai factory delivery price The minimum order quantity each year: 100000 Packing: cartons are Payment: by irrevocable letter of credit at sight Delivery: within 60 days after receipt of your l/c

练习1、1980年，低收入发展中国家国内生产总值的年平均增长率为5.9%，与此相比，中等收入国家为3.5%，工业化国家为1.4% In 1980, low-income developing countries the average annual GDP growth rate of 5.9%, compared with the middle-income countries is 3.5%, and the industrialized countries of 1.4%

2、这条铁路的建成和通车将有助于中国西南地区同沿海地区经济交流的扩大和整个西南地区经济的发展和繁荣

The railway construction and open to traffic will help with coastal areas in southwest China economic exchanges and the expansion of the southwest region economic development and prosperity

3、因国外市场需求锐减所造成的这个欠发达国家经济状况的特点是：出口大幅度下降、工农业减产、失业人数激增和国际收支逆差扩大 For the foreign market demand caused by the sharp underdeveloped countries in the economic status of the features are: exports dropped substantially, the industrial and agricultural yields, unemployment surged and international balance of payments deficit to expand

4、这家大型的超市的管理部门了解到雇员们最熟悉经营管理存在的问题，所以决定在改善经营管理中更多地依靠广大雇员，而不是只依靠少数管理人员

The large supermarket management department to employees know the most familiar with business management problems, so I decided to improve management in more depend on the employees, and not just rely on a few management personnel

5、这位著名的经济学家在一次学术报告中指出，民营企业凭借其广泛分布在全国各地的为数众多的企业户数和人员以及巨大的资金和生产设施，能在国家的经济建设中起到重要作用

The famous economist in an academic report, the private enterprise with its widely distributed throughout the numerous enterprise of households and staff and huge capital and production facilities, can in the country's economic construction and plays a ro